THE ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN READING CLASSROOM TO EFL BY USING SHORT STORY

The objective of this paper focused to describe the use of short story in textbook in teaching simple past tense to English Foreign Learners (EFL). There are some skills that should be mastered by the learners in learning English, they are listening, speaking, reading and writing. There are many short stories in Textbook that can be used as one of the media in teaching writing. Stories are related to tenses. Stories are also related to simple past tense. Simple past tense is used in retelling story. Simple past is used to show about the activity which had done in the past. There are two kinds of verb used in simple past; they are regular and irregular verb. Regular verb is the verb by adding –d, -ed, and –ied after the verb, examples: bake – baked, cook – cooked, and carry – carried; while irregular verb is the verb which some are not changed in form and some are completely changed in form, such as hit – hit, put – put, set – set, drive driven, bring – brought, and think – taught. The results of the research are: (1) most EFL have understood about the pattern of simple past tense; (2) most of them have known about using whether regular or irregular verbs; (3) some of them made mistakes by omitting the letters whether regular or irregular verb.


II. THEORITICAL REVIEW
The theoretical review is about the nature of Grammar, the nature of simple past tense, the nature of textbook, and the nature of reading.

The Nature of Grammar
English has developed as a language on its own lines and can not be forced to conform with any earlier language rules. Ultimately, the only purpose grammar is to serve the conveyance of meaning (Cruse, 1995;2).
The role of grammar is perhaps one of the most controversial issues, it is because of grammar teaching formed an essential part of language instruction, so much so that other

YAYASAN AKRAB PEKANBARU
Jurnal AKRAB JUARA Volume 7 Nomor 2 Edisi Mei 2022 (58-66) aspects of language learning were either ignored or downplayed. Knowledge of the grammatical system of the language, it was argued, was but one of the many components which underlay the notion of communicative competence.
People now agree that grammar is too important to be ignored, and that without a good knowledge of grammar, learners' language development will be severely constrained.
Swan as cited in (Jakarta, 2018) defines grammar as the rules that show how words are combined, arranged, or changed to show certain kinds of meaning. Swan suggests that the teaching of grammar should be determined by the needs of the students. Grammar is a method to make a good sentence and coherence each word, through arrange a word, phrase, and clause until to be a good sentence, but not only about to arrange a good sentence it is describe about sound and pronouncing too. Good pronunciation reflects good understanding of listener, it means good in pronouncing word to word in articulation, saying sentence structure and using of tenses. (Aarts, 2011) said, "Grammar is concerned with the structure of words (morphology) and of phrases and clauses (syntax)." Grammar is a process of forming words from the small unit, then to be phrases and also clauses until to be a higher form that unit of sentence.
Hopper as cited in (Brisard, 2009 English, but also help the teachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with the meaning (2004) Besides, Frisby also states that grammar is not a separate 'subject', nor is it even a separate division of English work. If it is so marked in the syllabus or time-tible, this is done only for convenience. It is a small part of the Englosh course; that study of the nature of the language which helps us to get the 'feel' of the language.
It is the study of the behavior of words, word-groups and changes in the meanings of words which are a reflection of changes in the appearance and sound of words. The study of the language as we hear it and see and say it, of its analysis into its several parts and our ability to put it together again and to follow patterns already learnt -this is grammar, and this is language. (266-269: 1957) Grammar is the system of rules governing the conventional arrangement and relationship or words in a sentence. The components of words are indeed a part of grammar.
Technically, grammar refers to sentencelevel rules only, and not to rules governing the relationship among sentences (420).
Based on the experts' theories above, it can be concluded that grammar relates to words, phrases, clauses to be built as a good sentence. It also relates to structure of words (morphology) and phrases and clauses (syntax).

The Nature of Simple Past Tense
Learning grammar or structure in English is also learning simple past tense. Simple past tense is one of the tenses that students

The Nature of Textbook
In language teaching, each lesson in the textbook should stand for a set of skills, a set of language patterns. To make the best use of time in the classroom and to avoid unintended repetition or neglect of essential language patterns, the teacher is wise to have a textbook. They also add that textbook can also be used as a tool to initiate learning activities both teacher and the student. Even though Werner (1995) says that it is also necessary to realize that no commercial textbook will ever be a perfect fit for a language program.
Understanding and realizing the importance and the crucial roles of textbook for EFL classroom, textbook itself should be good and appropriate to use. According to Berry, the textbook should consist of the authentic language forms.
Giroux also explains that book is essential as teacher's role in the classroom.
Book is a backbone of the materials. It is the media of subjects that student learn and apply their thinking abilities through knowledge and activities. By using the data and materials, students get a deeper understanding of the basic ideas that drive theories of the discipline (102).

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Jurnal AKRAB JUARA Volume 7 Nomor 2 Edisi Mei 2022 (58-66) Brown says that textbook are one of type of text, a book for use in an educational curriculum. Whether a curriculum or textbook is billed as functional, communicative, structural, or whatever, grammar and grammar sequencing is an issue.

The Nature of Reading
According to the teachers, when they teach reading for comprehension, the students do not fully understand the passage they have read. In Indonesia, reading for comprehension is the main objective of learning English.
They are supposed to be able to read many scientific books which are mostly written in English without too much difficulty.
The writer believes that reading is the way to enrich their grammar patterns, especially in learning Simple Past Tense. The writer hopes that the students enjoy reading and looking for information in improving their knowledge. Such reading is used as a means of self-education.
English teacher plays an important role for the student's progress including the reading habit for the students. Success in Reading depends on a child's knowledge about early literacy and reading before they are able to pick up a book and read. These children learned to read because they developed early litearcy skills through being read to and having access to book (Adams, 1990) Real reading includes understanding and interpreting the messages of the text (Kirk, 2001) Reading is really a complex task that involves using many strategies simultaneously. Readers must be able to use all of the text in meaningful way.
The Michigan Department of Education (Wixson, Peter, Weber, and Robert (1987) state, "Reading is the process of constructing meaning through the dynamic interaction among the reader's exiting knowledge, the information suggested by the text being read, and the context of the reading situation." Based on the definition above, reading is a process to get know the words and understand the meaning of printed symblos on a text. Anderson (1998)  The aim of descriptive study is to make a description and a picture in a systematic and accurate manner on conclusion which is applied in real life.

IV. FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This part present the result of the data from one of short stories that has been taken from Reading Classroom of the students at the college. It also presents the discussion of the finding of data analysis.