CRYTICAL ANALYSIS OF MORPHEMES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE POEMS

The main thing that must be learned in mastering a language is words. Words are related to morphology because morphology affects spelling, reading comprehension


I. INTRODUCTION
anguage is a necessary and fundamental tool of communication. This is an essential part of learning that every person should be capable of mastery in main contents such as vocabulary, sentence structure, and grammar.
The fundamental units of language are employed in synchronic linguistics for conveying that means. (Nandito, 2016) defined that morpheme is the idea that the grammar contains a representation in terms of the sound and language meaning: representations of sound and meaning in terms of features. Morphemes that can meaningfully stand on their own are called free morpheme, while the morpheme such as -s/-es and -ed, which can't be meaningfully stand-alone, is called a bound morpheme.
There are two kinds of bound morpheme, they are derivational and inflectional.
L Several studies of these kinds are conducted. Some researchers make it for learning purposes, such as analysing derivational and inflectional from the newspaper. One of the research was led by (Zainuddin, 2016)  The topic of analysis in those studies concerns morphological study. The difference of this study with those above is that this paper focuses on derivation and inflection processes in the text-only and the data source is taken from poems written by Shakespeare.
(Agus Udong Rapiudin, 2018)  English only has two kinds of bound morphemes namely prefixes and suffixes.
There are not infixes in English. Prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or changes its meaning such as re, un, dis, re, un.

III. RESEARCH METHODS
The method of this research is descriptive qualitative research. It is descriptive because the objective of this study is to observe and find the information as much as possible of the phenome. The study tries to describe, contrast, analyze, and interpret the changes that occur in the morphological process of the two poems based on the theory, data, and literature collected. Qualitative research is a process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting non-numerical data, such as language (Anggraini, 2018). It is a kind of method, which is conducted by collecting and

IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
Based on the observation researchers found some words included in derivational and inflectional morphemes.

A. Derivational morphemes
Derivational morphemes are the morphemes that change the parts of speech of the word. It is an affix-a group of letters added before the beginning (prefix) or after the end (suffix)-of a root or base word to create a new word or a new form of an existing word.

Poem "All The World's a Stage"
There are twelve derivational morphemes that are found in this poem by the writer. There are suffix -ly, -er, -ful, -ish, -ness and also there is prefix un-. The words that are found by the writer which have derivation are merely, player, unwillingly, lover, woeful, bearded, lined, youthful, manly, childish, eventful, childishness.
Line 2 -And all the men and women merely players That word merely is a derived word. It takes down from mere + suffix -ly. The word mere is an adjective, while the derivative of the merely function is an adverb. The word player is also a derivative word. It takes down from play + suffix -er. The word play is a verb, and the derivative word player is a noun.
Line 9 -Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, The word unwillingly is a derivative word. It was taken down from the word willing + prefix un-and add suffix -ly. the word willing is an adjective while the derivative word unwillingly is an adverb.
The word lover is a derivative word. It was taken down from the word love + suffixer. the word love is a noun while the derivative word lover is still a noun.
Line 10 -Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad The word woeful is a derivative word. It takes down from the word woe + suffix -ful.
The word woe is a noun while the derivative word woeful is an adjective.
Line 12 -Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard.
The word bearded is a derivative word.
It takes down from the word beard + suffixed. the word beard is a noun while the derivative word bearded is an adjective.

Poem "Fidele (Fear no more the heat o' the sun)"
There are nine derivational morphemes that are found in this poem by the writer.

Line 2 -Nor the furious winter's rages
The word furious is a derivative word.
It takes down from the word fury+ suffixous. The word fury is a noun, while the derivative word furious is an adjective.

Line 3 -Thou thy worldly task hast done
The word worldly is a derivative word.
It takes down from the word world + suffixly. The word world is a noun, while the derivative word worldly is an adjective.
The word sweeper is a derivative word. It takes down from the word sweep + suffix -er. The word sweep is a verb, while the derivative word sweeper is a noun.
Line 11 -The sceptre, learning, physic, must The word learning is a derivative word. It takes down from the word learn + suffix -ing. The word learn is a verb, while the derivative word learning is a noun.

Line 13 -Fear no more the lightning-flash
The word lightning is a derivative word. It takes down from the word light + suffix -ing. The word light is a noun, while the derivative word lightning is an adjective.

Line 14 -Nor the all-dreaded thunder-stone
The word dreaded is a derivative word. It takes down from the word dread + suffix -ed. The word dread is a verb, while the derivative word dreaded is an adjective.

Line 19 -No exorciser harm thee!
The word exorciser is a derivative word. It takes down from the word exorcise + suffix -er. The word exorcise is a verb, while the derivative word exorciser is a noun.

Line 23 -Quiet consummation have;
The word consummation is a derivative word. It takes down from the word consummate + suffix -tion. The word consummate is a verb, while the derivative word consummation is a noun.
Line 24 -And renowned be thy grave! The word renowned is a derivative word. It takes down from the word renown + suffix -ed. The word renown is a noun, while the derivative word renowned is an adjective.

B. Inflectional Morphemes
Inflectional Morphemes change what a word does in terms of grammar, but does not create a new word. When a word is inflected, it still retains its core meaning, and its category stays the same. It can assign a tense, a number, a comparison, or a possession.

Poem "All The World's a Stage"
There are thirty-six inflections that are found in this poem by the writer. There are -'s, -s, present progressive (-ing), past tense  That clause has two uses of the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above, the first word is "saws" and the second word is "stances".
Line 19 -And so, he plays his part. The sixth age shifts That clause has two uses of the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above, the first word is "plays" and the second word is "shifts". The base words in that phrase are play and shift.
Line 21 -With spectacles on nose and pouch on side That clause has two uses of the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above is "spectacles". The base words in that phrase is spectacle.
Line 22 -His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide The word "saved" is one of the uses of the -ed ending in poem. it occurs with a lexical morpheme (saved) and adds the ending -ed as an inflectional morpheme "save".
Line 24 -Turning again toward childish treble pipes The underlined word "turning" is one of the present progressive. It occurs when a lexical morpheme receives the suffix -ing.
That clause has two uses of the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above is "pipes". The base word in that phrase is pipe.
Line 25 -And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all That clause has the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above is "whistles".
The base word in that phrase is whistle.
Line 26 -That ends this strange eventful history That clause has the suffix -s as a verb grammatical tense "Simple Present Tense".
The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above is "ends". The base word in that phrase is end.
Line 28 -Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything That clause has the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above is "eyes".
The base word in that phrase is eye.

2.
Poem Line 4 -Home art gone, and ta'en thy wages That clause has the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above is "wages".
The base word in that phrase is wage.
The clause "gone" is an irregular past verb, and the base form is go.
Line 5 -Golden lads and girls all must That clause has the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above is "lads" and "girls". The base word in that phrase is lad and girl.
Line 6 -As chimney-sweepers, come to dust That clause has the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above is "sweepers". The base word in that phrase is sweeper.

Line 8 -Thou art past the tyrant's stroke
The clause a "tyrant's stroke" is a possession form ('s) that means the stroke is meant for tyrant. Tyrant lexical morpheme attached with the inflectional suffix -'s and followed by the word stroke.
Line 17 -All lovers young, all lovers must That clause has the suffix -s as a plural marker. The writer only adds the suffix -s in the base word. The clause above is "lovers".
The base word in that phrase is love.