GREIMAS'S ACTANTIAL MODEL IN THE HUNGER GAMES MOVIE

This article focuses on applying the two of the narrative syntax theories proposed by Algirdas Greimas to find the basic structures of fairy tales, namely the Narrative Quest Model and the Actantial Model, to analyze Hunger Games movie. As Greimas’ claims to have found theories which are applicable to all narrative structures, the writer is interested to see whether the two chosen theories are indeed applicable to scheme in the movie. The theories are not used to explore the theme or the message that underlies the story; instead it focuses mainly to find the basic structure of the narrative as trajectory and the schema or paradigmatic connection among the major elements in the story. The research uses descriptive qualitative approach in which the data are obtained through a series of thorough reading before the story is redacted into a summary. Afterwards, the summary is divided into smaller narrative units using the Narrative Quest Model and the major elements and characters of the story are selected based on their functions in Greimas’ Actantial Model.


I. INTRODUCTION
ost of this paper will focus on the use of actantial analysis of the tales by Greimas' Narrative Program/Quest theory, the structure of the narrative is explored in its syntagmatic level while the Actantial Model theory will explore the narrative in its paradigmatic level as mentioned by (Marsen et al. 2003, 11). According to Herbert, as cited from (Peisa 2008, 19), actantial analysis is used as a tool to analyse literary texts or images in the hope of finding the structure of the text. Greimas' theory was actually a development of Levi-Strauss" reduction of Propp"s actants and functions (Katylius-Bodystun, 1990). In 1920s, V. I Propp found out that "all Russian "wondertales" contain the same basic characters and plot" (Katylius-Bodystun, 1990). Out of hundreds of Russian fairy tales that Propp had analysed, he found out that Russian fairy tales had limited number of functions; only 31 functions (Onodera 2010, 4). These functions Greimas' narrative quest model is a significant development in the study of narrative as trajectory. (Marsen et al. 2003, 4) (Noth 1995, 372). (Chandler 2002, 119) mentions the simplified version of the actants as follows: 1. Subject: the element who seeks. The actantial model is a concept which may be visualized into the following diagram: The structure of the narrative is explored in its syntagmatic level while the Actantial Model theory will explore the narrative in its paradigmatic level. The two theories have been applied to explore fairy tales and other types of writing, and should Greimas' claim that his theories are applicable to every narrative

YAYASAN AKRAB PEKANBARU
Jurnal AKRAB JUARA Volume 7 Nomor 3 Edisi Agustus 2022 (314-321) structure and that every story, then it will also be applicable to the chosen source of data, Hunger Games Movie.

II. METHOD
This study uses qualitative approach to analyze the data, which are in the form of a narrative text. Greimas' theories, Narrative Quest and Actantial Models are used to see the syntagmatic and paradigmatic structure of the story. The data are selected by doing extensive reading followed by breaking the narrative into small units as suggested by Barthes to find the major elements of the narrative, which are then placed into Greimas' two models.

III. FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this paper, Greimas' Narrative Program / Quest theory, the structure of the narrative is explored in its syntagmatic level while the Actantial Model theory will explore the narrative in its paradigmatic level will be examined through The Hunger Games movie.

Greimas'
Narrative quest and actantial models are said to be applicable to all narrative structure, and it is believed that the first step to analyzing a story using these models are by summarizing the story. The tributes from other Districts are assigned with the function of the opponent. As explained by (Chandler 2002, 119), an opponent in an actantial model is the element or character that hinders the achievement of the junction between the subject and the object. In this case, the other tributes do not wish Katniss and Peeta to survive during the Hunger Games. In other words, they desire do not co-exist with the subject's desire.

IV. CONCLUSION
Greimas' models used in this study focus on analyzing a narrative structure in its syntagmatic and paradigmatic levels, and therefore do not look into the underlying message of the story itself. The application of Greimas' Narrative Quest Model and Actantial Model to the structure of The Hunger Games movie shows that the two theories are applicable for science fiction adventure film.
In the application of the theories, an extensive reading of the data source is done to discover the smallest unit of the story, after which the elements are applied into its roles and functions. The character Katniss and Peeta act as the Subject/Hero in both models, and while it is not explicitly mentioned in the Narrative Quest Model, it can be concluded that the Haymitch used as the Helper in Actantial Model is the "Resource" of the Narrative Quest Model.